Logistics Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Logistics Management - Assignment Example This paper will look into the inventory control process of a business named Big D, highlighting its strengths and weaknesses and providing recommendations for improving it. Improving Inventory Control Before determining the course of action for improving inventory control, a SWOT analysis would be helpful since it would help define the areas the business needs to work on. From the SWOT analysis, it can be ascertained that by bringing certain changes in the inventory control, Big D can improve its working efficiency. First of all, records of all purchases, orders and deliveries should be kept. Second lot of production should not be started till the first has been finished. Products that have been made should not be stored and put on hold till the entire lot has been produced; rather focus should be on preventing excess storage when the products can be delivered timely. Records of previous sales, demand and supply should be used to guide supply for future production and records of each lot's inventories should be maintained. Records should be kept of accumulated parts from previous orders to guide future decisions. Delivery of products with a shorter shelf life and a higher risk of obsolescence should have a higher priority over those products which do not. Records of individual line of products should be kept. If the records suggest that ordering in small quantities is not economical, the business should shift to ordering bulk. Vendors and suppliers must be re-evaluated, and the most economical should be chosen. Records of losses sustained due to pilferage, breakage and misplacement should be noted.   Record Keeping System for Inventory Control The type of recordkeeping that would suit the business will be determined by its requirements and characteristics. Since the business has operations in various aspects of supply and production, a double entry account keeping system would allow it to self-balance its purchases and regulate the flow of inventory. In contr ast to a single entry record keeping system, the double entry system is most appropriate for businesses that are aiming to attain efficient financial management (Longenecker, Moore, Palich & Petty, 2006). They would provide greater insight into the functioning of the business which makes the advantages of this system outweigh its disadvantages such as increased time needed to input the information. Moreover, electronic record keeping systems would make the process yet more efficient and so should be preferred over manual records (Moore, Petty, Palich and Longenecker, 2008). Forecasting Inventory Control for Big D Forecasting is an important aspect of inventory management. According to the Business Dictionary (2012), forecasting is defined as â€Å"a planning tool that helps management in its attempts to cope with the uncertainty of the future, relying mainly on data from the past and present and analysis of trends†. Forecasting can enable Big D to predict the quantity of the raw materials it requires according to the demand. Deducing a transactions’ trend from previous records, forecasting can help determine the expected demand for goods and to purchase materials in bulk accordingly. By knowing the time it takes for each lot to be completed, it will also allow the business to plan its production run within a time limit. Countering Delivery Delays Transportation delays can be prevented by delivering the completed products as they are produced without waiting for the

Early Intervention Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Early Intervention - Assignment Example Due to the increasing number of children who have development delays or problems, various strategies have been developed in order to address such problems. One of these strategies is known as early intervention. Early intervention has become one of the most popular and widely used strategies when a child faces developmental difficulties. Such strategy is hinged on the assumption that the earlier developmental problems are detected, the more it is possible to overcome. Early intervention applies to children of school age or younger who are discovered to have or be at risk of developing a handicapping condition or other special need that may affect their development. Moreover, it depends on in the provision of services that the children and their respective families need. These services are most often aimed at reducing the effects of the child's developmental condition. Early intervention may be taken from two contexts. It can be used either for remedial purposes or for preventive uses. Early intervention as a remedial strategy is aimed at lessening the effects of the child's condition on himself and his family while early intervention as a preventive strategy focuses on thwarting the occurrence. There are various types of early intervention programs. ... Early intervention programs may begin at different ages, but usually, it is best to begin as early as possible. Two examples of intervention strategies are play therapy and counseling. Each of these are used for a variety of purposes and aimed at achieving different goals. According to the British Association of Play Therapists, play therapy is defined as, "...the dynamic process between child and Play Therapist in which the child explores at his or her own pace and with his or her own agenda those issues, past and current, conscious and unconscious, that are affecting the child's life in the present. The child's inner resources are enabled by the therapeutic alliance to bring about growth and change. Play Therapy is child-centred, in which play is the primary medium and speech is the secondary medium." On the other hand, counseling is a commonly used term in psychology. Basically, counseling is aimed at helping the family deal with the problems that the child may be encountering. Since the problems of a child may be rooted to certain family issues, counseling will help the family resolve whatever issues that may cause the child problems. Why use Early Intervention According to United States Department of Education, there are three primary reasons why early intervention is utilized. There are three primary reasons for intervening early with an exceptional child: to enhance the child's development, to provide support and assistance to the family, and to maximize the child's and family's benefit to society. A study of human growth and development will show that it is during the preschool years that a child develops the fastest. It is during this stage that the child learns the most. If the most teachable moments or stages of greatest

Major Research Designs And Methods Psychology Essay

Major Research Designs And Methods Psychology Essay Since time immemorial, Sociologists have been using different designs and research methods to examine society and social behaviour. Most sociological research involves  field work typically designed to depict the characteristics of a population as fully as possible. The designs and methods have proved utilitarian in studying the behaviour and relationships among groups of people and institutions and how their characteristics are shaped by these relationships. It analyses how society changes and how it maintains stability, looking into both unanimity and conflict among different social groups. Sociologys subject matter comprises of social procedures such as, deviance, identity development, socialization and social institutions, including work, religion, family. Major research designs The three most popular social research  designs are discussed below- CROSS SECTIONAL: It is also known as transversal studies,  cross-sectional analyses and  prevalence study. Cross sectional research involves the study of a number of individuals varying in age but have the same attribute or characteristic of interest at a single point of time. It forms a class of  research methods  that necessitate observation of all of a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time. They differ from  case-control studies  in that they aim to provide data on the entire population under study, whereas case-control studies typically include only individuals with a specific characteristic, with a sample, often a tiny minority, of the rest of the population. Cross-sectional studies are descriptive studies (neither longitudinal nor experimental). Unlike case-control studies, they can be used to describe, not only the  Odds ratio, but also  absolute risks and  relative risks  from  prevalences.  They may be used to describe some feature of the population, such as  prevalence  of an illness, or they may support inferences of cause and effect.  Longitudinal studies  differ from both in making a series of observations more than once on members of the study population over a period of time. Longitudinal, in which scientists study the same individuals or society repeatedly over a specified period of time. A  longitudinal study  is a  correlation  research study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time often many decades. It is a type of observation study. Longitudinal studies are often used in psychology to study developmental trends across the life span, and in sociology  to study life events throughout lifetimes or generations. The reason for this is that unlike  cross-sectional, in which different individuals with same characteristics are compared,[1]  longitudinal studies track the same people, and therefore the differences observed in those people are less likely to be the result of cultural differences across generations. Because of this benefit, longitudinal studies make observing changes more accurate, and they are applied in various other fields. In medicine, the design is used to uncover predictors of ce rtain diseases. In advertising, the design is used to identify the changes that advertising has produced in the attitudes and behaviours of those within the target audience who have seen the advertising campaign. Cross-sequential, in which scientists test individuals in a cross-sectional sample more than once over a specified period of time Six of the most popular sociological research  methods  (procedures) are the  case study, survey, observational, correlation, experimental,  and  cross-cultural methods, as well as working with information already available. Cross sequential studies combine both longitudinal and cross sectional methods in an attempt to both shorten the length of the research and minimize developmental assumptions Research methods Five of the most popular methods which help in sociological research are- Case study Survey Observational Experimental Cross-cultural CASE STUDY METHOD: In  case study research, a research worker analyses a person or small group of individuals with a strange situation or condition. Case studies are usually clinical in scope. The researcher (often a clinical sociologist) sometimes applies self-report measures to gather quantitative data on the field. A comprehensive examination, including a long-term follow-up, can last months or years. The advantage of case study is that, it obtains meaningful information about individuals or groups. The disadvantage is, it is only applicable to individuals with alike characteristics instead of the general population. SURVEY RESEARCH METHOD: It is the most common method by which researchers gather their data. This type of research method  involves face-to-face interviewing or administering  questionnaires, or written surveys, in which interviewer meets with his subject to ask them questions. The investigator examines the data acquired from surveys to know about similarities, differences, and current trend. The researcher then makes predictions about the subjects being studied. Its positive side includes acquiring information from a large number of responders, conducting interviews according to respondents convenience, and obtaining data as tattily as possible. Its negative side includes biased volunteer or interviewer and distortion. Distortion occurs when the subjects are not honest with the investigator. OBSERVATIONAL METHOD: It is also called field research, is a basic of sociology. Observational research involves directly noticing subjects behaviour, either in a laboratory (called laboratory observation) or in a natural environment (called  naturalistic observation). Observational research ensures the investigator that subjects will share totally honest accounts of the experiences, take the study seriously, learn to remember, do not feel embarrassed. Observation studies are of two types- Participant Observation and Non-Participant Observation. In participant the investigator gets an opportunity to be a part of the group he is studying and might even live with them. This must not influence the behaviour or attitude of the people they are studying. In nonparticipant observation, the research worker analyses a group of individual but does not otherwise interact with them. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD: This research method  tries to ascertain  how  and  why  something happens. Experimental research tests the way of how one variable  affects the other. There are various factors that can affect the resultant of any type of experimental research. One is discovering random samples and representative of the universe being analysed. Another is bias  experimenter, in which the investigators prospects about what should or should not occur in the study shake the results. Still some other is ascertaining for  immaterial variables, such as noise level or room temperature, which may intervene with the conclusions of the experiment. Only when researcher cautiously controls for immaterial variables can she or he draw sensible conclusions about the results of specific variables on other. The major plus point of this method is that the experimenter can be reasonably sure of a cause-and-effect relationship. Most experiments take place in the laboratory, which ma y be a room with a unidirectional mirror, but some experiments occur in the field, or in a natural environment. CROSS-CULTURAL METHOD: This method involves the study of values, folkways, norms, attitudes, mores, customs, and practices necessitate knowledge of other societies and cultures. This research is designed to discover variations across people from different culture experience and background. Most cross-cultural research involves direct observation, survey, and  participant observation  methods of research. In participant observation the investigator gets an opportunity to be a part of the subjects community he is studying and might even live with them. The positive aspect of this method of research is that the information obtained is considered within the social, political, economical, and religious systems of that community. The study also demonstrates that Western cultural standards are not necessarily practised by other societies. What may be acceptable or normal for one group may be unacceptable or abnormal for another. Conclusion The important types of sociological research include cross cultural, surveys, experiments, the use of existing data and observational studies. Surveys are the most common of all as it allows the researcher for gathering much information on subjects or respondents that is relatively trivial. The conclusion of surveys that use random samples can be generalized to the population that the sample represents. An observational study is also common and allows us to acquire in-depth knowledge of a small group of individual. Because the samples of these analyses are not random, the outcome cannot necessarily be generalized to a population. Experiments are very less common in sociology. When field experiments are conducted in sociology, they can yield valuable information because of their experimental design.

Living in Belgium :: Personal Narrative Essays

Living in Belgium Question Answered: Recall a multicultural experience that has positively impacted your educational career. Discuss your experience and describe the ways in which you have benefited from this experience. My friend Owen and I used to play a game to take up time when we walked down the chaussee in downtown Waterloo, Belgium. We would try to identify the origins of people who walked by us. If someone bustled past us, practically knocking us down, while smoking a cigarette and wearing tight pants, they were Belgian. If they sported a windsuit and brand-new white sneakers we'd mutter "American", as they passed by toting their map. We had more trouble telling Swedish and Finnish people apart, but we were pretty good at that too. I recalled this a few days ago and it amazed me how much I have changed in the last year. In the summer before tenth grade, I moved to Belgium for eighteen months. During the time I stayed there, I adapted to the 'Belgian' way of life - speaking (rudimentary) French, sampling escargot and endives, and learning my way around the complicated maze that they call streets. However, I am such a typical 'American' now that sometimes I feel like I never even left the States. Instead of spending my Friday nights playing snooker in a smoky cafŽ in Waterloo, I might go to Applebee's and a football game with my friends. It seems so strange that my life could change so much in such a short time. I find myself missing little things that I took for granted while living overseas - fresh bread, dogs sitting with their owners in restaurants, and passing international landmarks on the way to school. It's not to say that I don't like my new way of life, but just recently I have realized how much I have changed. When I lived in Belgium, I would dread another trip with visitors of the family to the Grand Place. Now, I would love to see the Mannequin de Pis in downtown Brussels. I don't know when this transformation took place because I didn't even realize that it was happening. The funny thing was that while I lived in Belgium, my friends and I would always lament on how much we craved Reese's, Butterfingers, marshmallows and real peanut butter. We would talk about how much we missed our friends, malls, and movies without subtitles.

Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong

Who Am I? Close your eyes and imagine a backdrop of densely packed trees in shades of olive and emerald green, a military supply helicopter on the helipad, blades swooshing around stirring up dust, and out steps a beautiful, young, blonde girl. Right in the middle of war-torn Vietnam, at the Tra Bong outpost, Mary Anne Bell arrives at the request of her boyfriend. When first reading â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong,† by Tim O’Brien, one might believe it is a love story turned sour, but on closer inspection, it is apparent that this story is about much more than that.This story is about the loss of innocence, personal evolution, and the attempt to define one’s self. A bit tired and out-of-place, a young Mary Anne steps off a helicopter and into Nam. A war is raging beyond the concertina wire, and she is oblivious to the enormous magnitude of the situation. Mary Anne is a naive, barely 17 year old girl. She is cheerful, wide-eyed, and inquisitive all rolled up into one bundle. She is fresh out of high school with no life experience and no idea of how the world works; how it can tilt and sour one’s perspective.In the beginning, Mary Anne is very fascinated by the country, the culture, and the people. She sees Nam through untainted curious eyes, wanting to experience the customs and feel the culture. She probes the soldiers at the outpost with many questions and listens intently to their answers, consuming all the information given. She learns about claymore mines, trip wires, how to assemble and disassemble an M-16 machine gun, as well as how to cook over a can of Sterno. Like a sponge, she soaks up all the knowledge.She even learns the language; her thought is to take advantage of her situation and learn as much as possible while in Nam. Believing that the locals are safe, ordinary people, Mary Ann wants to venture to a close-by village to interact with them. This shows just how wet behind the ears she is; Mary Anne does not see t he threat or danger in heractions, â€Å"It did not impress her that the VC owned the place† (O'Brien 214). Some of the other soldiers were impressed with her courage, but not so much with her intelligence. The NCO of the outpost, Eddie Diamond described her best as â€Å"D-cup guts, trainer bra brains† (O'Brien 215).However, Eddie knew that eventually she would learn the cold, hard truth like everyone else, and it would change her forever. Rat Riley, one of the medics at the outpost and new friend of Mary Anne’s, makes a direct comparison between her, him, and others, â€Å"†¦like you and me. A girl that’s the only difference† he declared, â€Å"†¦when we first got here – all of us – we were real young and innocent, full of romantic bullshit, but we learned pretty damn quick† (O'Brien 215). Mary Anne would learn as well, she would lose the innocence that came with ignorance of the truth.The change was slow and murky to the untrained eye, but there it was, the progression from a pure untainted soul to one that had fallen into a dark abyss. It started with small things, the lack of emotion when dealing with injured soldiers, all the blood and guts. Not being the least bit frightened or put off by what she was seeing, Mary Anne would jump right into the middle of all the gore. â€Å"In times of action her face took on a sudden new composure, almost serene†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (O'Brien 217). A new and different person was immerging; the young, innocent, bubbly, wideeyed girl was disappearing.There were other subtle changes showing how Mary Anne was becoming one of the guys. Just like the men, she cut her beautiful blonde hair short and wrapped her head in an army issue green bandanna to blend in. Gone were the small things that made her Mary Anne-her make-up, taking care of her fingernails, jewelry, and â€Å"hygiene became a matter of small consequence† (O'Brien 216). It was, by pure design of n ature, she had to adapt to the environment to survive. The softness as well as her exuberance were gone and replaced by rigidity and indifference.She no longer engages in activates with the others, instead; she stares intently into the dark jungle with a look of contentment on her face. Nam was claiming her, sucking her into the abyss. Mary Anne starts going out on patrol in the jungle with the â€Å"Greenies†, the Green Beret soldiers. Eventually, she becomes so comfortable with her surroundings that she ventures out on her own. Mary Anne makes the final transition; the innocent girl disappears within the new person she has become. She is now a war-born soldier. Now, there is no trace of the young girl who stepped out of the helicopter and into Nam for the first time. The girl joined the zoo† Mary Anne became just another animal in the vast Nam jungle (O'Brien 221). The naive, innocent girl was gone; she vanished into the shadows. Mary Anne found her true self and was perfectly at peace. The wilderness succeeded in drawing her in, changing her, and making her part of the earth. Mary Anne wants â€Å"†¦to eat this place. Vietnam. I want to swallow the whole country-the dirt, the death-I just want to eat it and have it there inside me† she adds â€Å"I get scared sometimes-lots of times-but it’s not bad. You know? I feel close to myself† (O'Brien 223).Perhaps for Mary Anne, she found something that was lurking deep inside her prior to arriving in Nam. Maybe Nam just expedited digging that part of her out. Mary Anne was alive, full of electricity, â€Å"perfectly at peace with herself† she explains â€Å"because I know exactly who I am† (O'Brien 223). â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong,† shows us all that no one can survive a war and walk away unscathed by it. One can never return the same person that went over to another country on a mission that involved killing. Rat Riley describes it best,  "you come over clean and you get dirty and then afterward it’s never the same† (O'Brien 225).This story is not about Mary Anne Bell, but about what she embodies. She personifies all the young, inexperienced boys that went to Vietnam and their stories. Mary Anne represents the loss of purity in the many young men that went by choice or by force to a foreign land. Nam devoured their souls transforming them forever, as if the very country cried out for a piece of them as payment for damages rendered. Nam claimed its price of those that trampled on her soil. Some young men may have found their inner killer and like Mary Anne did in the end, they became content.But on the other hand, many others were forced to become something alien just to endure the war. These are the souls that returned tortured. Oh my soul that I should weep for I no longer close my eyes and find innocent sleep. These haunted souls look in a mirror and ask, â€Å"Who am I? † Perhaps on some days, they see a glimmer of the person they once were when they were young and innocent. Works Cited O'Brien, Tim. â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong. † World Views Classic and Contemporary Readings. Ed. Macy, et al Felty. 6th. Boston: Pearson, 2010. 210-226.

Love and Respect By Dr. Emerson Eggerichs

Have you ever looked for your lost keys in the same place over and over again only to find out they were there in front of your face the whole time? Or have you ever looked everywhere for the pen or pencil that you had all day only to find it behind your ear at the end of the day? This is how I felt when I read Love and Respect by Dr. Emerson Eggerichs. The running theme of this book is many marriages are strained due to the fact that â€Å"men are from Mars and women are from Venus.† What I am saying here is that a simple misunderstanding causes the strain. Men don’t grasp what women are feeling when they are trying to express themselves and, yes, it’s true women are in the same predicament concerning men. Husbands aren’t feeling respected by their wives when, in turn, wives aren’t feeling loved by their husbands. Eggerin states there are three major cycles to the process of Love and Respect. The first cycle is named the crazy cycle. So named because the husband and wife end up with the same negative results for the same reason over and over again and the cycle continues until the couple decides to break the cycle. The second cycle is coined the energizing cycle. The couple has now overcome the vicious crazy cycle and can work toward encouraging one another with the love and respect each spouse deserves. Finally, the third cycle is known as the rewarded cycle. This cycle emphasizes the fact that no matter the response of the spouse, your reward is in heaven. I will elaborate on these three cycles and the foundation for the need for love and respect in a marriage. Let me elaborate on how Eggerin came to the epiphany of the need for love and respect in a healthy marriage. First, if we look at the success of the twelve step programs ranging from co-dependency to food disorders to chemical addictions, we can come to one conclusion as to their success. They work because they are based on one person with the same problem helping another. Oddly, Dr. Eggerich had the advantage, for lack of a better word, of watching his parents’ marriage disintegrate because of the lack of respect and love in it. Interestingly, Eggerich shares his difficulties in his marriage and the difficulty he had with marriage counseling from the start as well. He may have his PhD but his success concerning marriage counseling is due largely to the fact that he and his wife had the same struggles many couples experience. There was a lot of stumbling through cycles of misunderstandings between Emerson and his wife, Sarah. He forgot her birthday one year. After a Bible study group one night, Sarah’s voice grew louder and louder on the way home trying to get through to Emerson concerning his standoffish quiet demeanor. Emerson felt disrespected and hurt and he said to her; â€Å"You can be right but wrong at the top of your voice. (p.11)† One day, for the thousandth time, he read Ephesians 5:33; â€Å"33 Nevertheless tlet each one of you in particular so love his own wife as himself, and let the wife see that she urespects her husband.†[1] That’s when it hit him. It was right in front of his face every time he read it but this time, it truly resonated.   He had never seen the connection between love and respect but this time, he did. He came to the realization that a husband is to obey the command to love his wife, even if the wife does not obey the command to respect the husband. Also, the wife is to respect her husband even if the husband does not obey the command to love his wife. So, the connection is love and respect. There are two reasons why love and respect are primary needs. He discusses his personal experience of coming to this understanding from a husbands’ point of view. When disagreements occur, the husband perceives that the wife is contemptuous or disrespectful toward him. This, in turn, causes the husband to shut down or blow up at her and the wife does not receive an expression of love (p.17). After years of counseling married couples, I think it is safe to hang your hat on Eggerins’ theory. The crazy cycle is a down to earth approach to a problem that started at the fall of man. If not broken, this cycle will tear a marriage to pieces. Often, the man is not even aware that it actually is disrespect that the wife is conveying toward him. On the other hand, the wife doesn’t understand why her husband is not expressing his love toward her. The steps toward breaking the crazy cycle are just as simple as the realization that it exists. One major component is communication. Learning how to express our feelings in a respectful tone is very important. The communication code is discussed. He uses a funny little example of how men and women communicate in code. When a wife says; â€Å"I have nothing to wear,† she actually means â€Å"I have nothing new.† When a man says, â€Å"I have nothing to wear,† he means â€Å"I have nothing clean.† This is an example of the code that needs to be broken in order for couples to move past the crazy cycle. I believe another important thing to mention concerning the crazy cycle is unconditional respect. It is vital for women and men to see that respect is not earned, but given. Eggerson uses an example of a boss in the workplace. He basically says that even if you don’t feel respect for your boss, you still show respect for him or her. This is an example of unconditional respect. I suppose we can look at it this way as well, we are to give respect, expecting nothing in return. Just the same, we are to give love expecting nothing in return and both love and respect are reciprocal. They feed off of each other. The second cycle that Eggerson discusses is the energizing cycle.   This is the cycle in which application is necessary in order to stay off of the crazy cycle and move forward. There are two separate sections devoted to husbands and wives respectively. Each section contains an acronym; 1) Couple and 2) Chairs for the wives. The acronym for couple is Closeness, Openness, Understanding, Peacemaking, Loyalty and Esteem. To elaborate, a wife wants her husband to be close and there is a biblical standard for this as well. Genesis 2:24 says, â€Å"the husband shall cleave unto his wife; and they shall be one flesh.† She also wants her man to open up to her or to tell her what’s happening inside of him and not shut her down when she asks if something is wrong. Sometimes a wife just wants her husband to listen and not to try and fix her problems for her. This is where understanding comes into play. She desires to be at peace and she wants to hear her husband say that he’s sorry some times. Take initiative and pray with her after apologizing. She also needs to know that you aren’t going anywhere and that you are committed to her. Loyalty is very important in a marriage. If her friends are upset with her, be there. Even if she is wrong, a husband can still be loyal to his wife by being there for her in her time of need. She wants you esteem her as well. Read the Song of Solomon and pay special attention to the esteem and love that the man bestows on the Shulamite. For the women, the acronym for chairs is Conquest, Hierarchy, Authority, Insight, Relationship, and Sexuality. Respecting a husband is appreciating his desire to work and to achieve. This is not referring to the archaic definition. It merely refers to encouraging a husband in his achievements at work and in life and with the family. The hierarchy is to appreciate his desire to protect and provide. Eggerichs says that we need to keep in mind this is not a chauvinists’ construct but it is one thing that gives a man purpose. I kind of look at it in the way Christ defines hierarchy and that is that the least will be greatest in the kingdom of heaven. Men desire to be in authority and there are times that it is okay for a wife to appreciate that. Also, appreciate the wisdom and insight your husband has and his desire to analyze and counsel. Next comes relationship. I know that it’s hard to understand that sometimes husbands just want you in the same room with them, but it’s true. They don’t always want to talk about something. Sometimes, they just want their wives with them. Finally, the taboo of Christianity, sexuality! Appreciating his desire for sexual intimacy is also very important. Nothing seems to break a man down more than to remove physical intimacy from a relationship. Finally, the third cycle is fairly straightforward. It is a biblical concept through and through. There is no doubt as to whether or not Jesus practiced this concept in His life on this earth. The cycle is called the rewarded cycle. Notice it says rewarded. This is referring to the fact that it is done. No matter the husband or wife’s response, the reward for the obedient servant is eternal. It is stored in heaven. If a husband pours his love and gives all that he has for his wife, his reward is in heaven. There is no response necessary in order for the husband to be rewarded. If his wife is completely disrespectful then he will still receive his reward and vice-versa for a wife. This book has opened my eyes to a whole new reality concerning those who carry the opposite sex and myself. In the long run, there is no reason to give up on a marriage that is not working because of miscommunication and confusion. If we practice humility and recognize the need for biblical truth in married life then anything is possible. t Col. 3:19 u 1 Pet. 3:1, 6 [1]The New King James Version. 1996, c1982 . Thomas Nelson: Nashville

Free Essays on Organic Farming Movement

â€Å"You can’t have any dessert until you finish your vegetables.† A phrase anyone can relate to whether you are the 5 year old receiving these harsh demands to eat your colorful, vitamin enriched food, or if you are the parent giving out these healthy demands. The parent telling their children to eat their vegetables knows that vegetables are nature’s way of providing nutrients that are essential for the human body. A question that has been in the making for almost a century now, is that really all these vegetables are providing to our loved ones. Are there hazardous chemicals in our food? Numerous groups and individuals know the answer is yes, and have found refuge in the organic way of life. Organic farms are now well-regulated thank you to legislation passed in the year 2000 that have just recently been enforced this passed year in 2002. These were not the goals of the organic farming movement, which can be ultimate traced down a very narrow path, but deep into the beginning of the 20th century. The focus will be to introduce the pioneers of the organic movement on a linear line through time to the point where the concerns of these pioneers were finally in the public domain. Once the early pioneers have been recognized, the movement will be clearly identified, with groups forming to bring about change. The ideas brought forth by the groups and their leaders will be discussed also on a linear line, showing how the group’s demands change as time changes. Finally the present day will be discussed, concerning where the groups are now and their position on current legislation. In the early 1900s, Sir Albert Howard, a Chemical Botanist to the Government of the Raj at Pusa in India, carried out a variety of noted agricultural experiments. Observing the reaction of properly grown varieties of plants subjected to insects and other pests, Howard found the primary factor in soil management was a consistent supply of fresh humus prepare... Free Essays on Organic Farming Movement Free Essays on Organic Farming Movement â€Å"You can’t have any dessert until you finish your vegetables.† A phrase anyone can relate to whether you are the 5 year old receiving these harsh demands to eat your colorful, vitamin enriched food, or if you are the parent giving out these healthy demands. The parent telling their children to eat their vegetables knows that vegetables are nature’s way of providing nutrients that are essential for the human body. A question that has been in the making for almost a century now, is that really all these vegetables are providing to our loved ones. Are there hazardous chemicals in our food? Numerous groups and individuals know the answer is yes, and have found refuge in the organic way of life. Organic farms are now well-regulated thank you to legislation passed in the year 2000 that have just recently been enforced this passed year in 2002. These were not the goals of the organic farming movement, which can be ultimate traced down a very narrow path, but deep into the beginning of the 20th century. The focus will be to introduce the pioneers of the organic movement on a linear line through time to the point where the concerns of these pioneers were finally in the public domain. Once the early pioneers have been recognized, the movement will be clearly identified, with groups forming to bring about change. The ideas brought forth by the groups and their leaders will be discussed also on a linear line, showing how the group’s demands change as time changes. Finally the present day will be discussed, concerning where the groups are now and their position on current legislation. In the early 1900s, Sir Albert Howard, a Chemical Botanist to the Government of the Raj at Pusa in India, carried out a variety of noted agricultural experiments. Observing the reaction of properly grown varieties of plants subjected to insects and other pests, Howard found the primary factor in soil management was a consistent supply of fresh humus prepare...

The eNotes Blog eNotes Book ClubWater

Book ClubWater For this installment of our book club series, we chose the theme of â€Å"water.† If youre looking for stories that capture the fluidity of life and the beauty of nature, read on! â€Å"Tenth of December† by George Saunders Having just finished Lincoln in the Bardo, Id been wanting to read more stories by George Saunders. So, once we settled on the theme of â€Å"Water,† I grabbed the office copy of Tenth of December, opened to the titular short story, saw the mention of a pond, and away we went. Saunders prose style imitates the flow of thought in novel ways, revealing emotion and humor through wordplay, syntax variations, and point of view. In brief, Tenth of December is set in a park during winter and tells the story of a young boy and a middle-aged man who manage to help each other through their respective crises. While a few of us thought parts of the story were almost too sad, the group all felt the power of this emotional read. Its still unclear to us just how his writing had us suddenly full of tears right after belly laughing- and then back again. We found the style dazzling, the tone fascinating, and the way Saunders writes feeling as distinctly human. All in all, this piece- or another of his (yes, please read Fox 8)- is definitely worth reading. - Wes â€Å"A Guide to Sirens† by Lee Conell In response to this prompt, my first urge was to find a mermaid story. When that search brought up nothing but children’s stories, I tried â€Å"underwater.† Then â€Å"rain.† Then â€Å"beach.† I was dismayed and frustrated to find that my broad, atmospheric search terms were bringing up short stories focusing on failed marriages and/or divorced couples. Which is why, in my frustration, I was glad to find â€Å"A Guide to Sirens.† Though the story is (inevitably) about a divorced man, it seems to poke fun at the tired trope of failed love by introducing a semi-supernatural element to the mix. We enjoyed theorizing about the story: Is our protagonist led to his death by a siren? Is it an exploration of a depressed man’s imagination? Or, digging a little deeper, is â€Å"A Guide to Sirens† the story of this man’s suicide? As much as we enjoyed discussing our theories and predictions, we didn’t love Conell’s writing. Many of us felt her stiff, wordy language tries too hard and says more than needed; one of us described her language choice as â€Å"fake deep.† The dialogue is clunky, the characters surface-level, and overall, we felt Conell’s story lacks direction. â€Å"A Guide to Sirens† is a quick read, but don’t expect to be blown away by the prose. - Kate â€Å"A Perfect Day for Bananafish† by J. D. Salinger â€Å"A Perfect Day for Bananafish† is the first story in J. D. Salinger’s Nine Stories collection and is easily his most famous short story. I assigned this after reading Kate’s pick since both stories’ setting and mood had interesting parallels for us to explore. In â€Å"Bananafish,† we meet Muriel Glass as she’s on the phone with her mother, hiding from the Florida sun in her hotel room. While they discuss Muriel’s husband, Seymour, you get a sense of looming drama and foreboding regarding his disturbing actions, past and present, and mental state. We then find ourselves lounging with Seymour in a robe on the beach. He goes for a dip in the ocean with Sybil, a young girl, where the title of the piece is revealed on their hunt for Bananafish. After Sybil says she spots one, Seymour kisses her feet and abruptly leaves for his hotel room, where he shoots himself in the head with a pistol. This was the first read through for the group, and I was so excited to share it with them. A member praised this story as a â€Å"masterclass in showing not telling† due to the tight, believable dialogue- especially the opening scene with Muriel and her mother. â€Å"Bananafish† is one of those stories that gives and gives the more and more you look, with a variety of at-times paradoxical opinions and takeaways from the story. With so many discussion possibilities, takes, and interpretations, I can’t recommend this story more for your classroom or next book club. - Sam A Quartet of American Nature Writers As we discussed the topic of water, I became interested in the ways water has been depicted in prose. For my selection, I found myself drawn to works that combine linguistic exuberance with exposition. The first piece I chose was the opening of Rachel Carson’s The Sea Around Us. She brings to her writing on marine topics a keen attention to the conclusions of science elevated by a grand, almost biblical tone: â€Å"Beginning are apt to be shadowy, and so it is with the beginnings of that great mother life, the sea.† Her fascination with origins lends the piece an awe-inspiring scope. Next, I selected chapter 58 of Herman Melvilles Moby-Dick. Although fictional, Moby-Dick so often verges into expository tangents on marine matters that I deemed its inclusion warranted- even necessary, given its influence on American letters. As the Pequot glides through the Indian Ocean, Ishmael evokes the oft-forgotten horrors of the sea: â€Å"Baby man may brag of his science and skill†¦ yet forever and ever, to the crack of doom, the sea will insult and murder him.† Henry David Thoreau’s Walden offers a more placid view of water, particularly in the chapter â€Å"The Ponds.† In clear, sensuous prose, Thoreau tells of the joys of Walden Pond, such as â€Å"fishing from a boat by moonlight, serenaded by foxes and owls.† Thoreau describes the night sky’s reflection the dark water, which makes his fishing line appear to glide upward, in the direction of his thoughts, â€Å"to vast and cosmogony themes in other spheres.† Finally, I chose a passage from Ann Zwinger’s Run, River, Run. Zwinger, like Thoreau, foregoes generality in favor of specificity. Her book centers on the Green River, which flows through Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. Zwinger describes the river in prose that ranges from sharp observation to breathless awe to wry humor- the last of which can be seen in her description of the river’s confluence with the Colorado River: â€Å"There by Congressional proclamation, having fallen over 9,000 feet in 730 miles, the Green River ends.† - Zack â€Å"The Daughter Cells† by Daniel Mallory Ortberg I’ve been a huge fan of Ortberg’s writing since his days at The Toast and was thrilled with the opportunity to subject the bookclub to him. An immediately appealing aspect of â€Å"The Daughter Cells† is its unique approach to â€Å"water†- Ortberg’s underwater society is practical and utilitarian, and the literal liquidity of its borders is used to contextualize ideas of personal property rather than to describe the mystery and romance usually associated with mermaids. But, then, the heroine isn’t really a mermaid. â€Å"The Daughter Cells† is similar to Hans Christian Andersen’s â€Å"The Little Mermaid,† but it easily stands alone. It reads like a straightforward story told by an impatient older sibling; the depth of its world-building and the complexity of its themes seemed to sneak up on us. But once group discussion began, it felt like we could talk about this story for hours. Through the culture of his underwater society, Ortberg explores definitions of individuality, the confusion of necessary and unnecessary suffering, and the varying roles offered through different relationships. We enjoyed the multiple angles from which these topics were approached and the narrator’s colloquial- though somewhat condescending- relationship with the reader. And while there are places where the narrative voice is perhaps a bit much, there’s still the plain fun of Ortberg’s approach. For example, his heroine’s interaction with her unconscious prince on the beach seems hardly the stuff of fairy tales: She had never seen anyone who lived above water so placid before. It seemed eminently sensible, and so she decided to love him for it. She was delighted that she had been away from home less than a day and already she had found something useful to do. It’s just delightful. Our entire group found a lot to engage with, and everyone enjoyed the read, so we can recommend this one wholeheartedly. - Caitlin â€Å"Brawler† by Lauren Groff After hearing stories of oceans, lakes, and ponds, Lauren Groff’s â€Å"Brawler† took our book club to a different setting of water- a pool. I can only describe the short story from The New Yorker as a coming-of-age snapshot. Though the story lacks a plot, it effectively evokes feeling. It’s one of those reads that may be best to just let it wash over you and take from it what you will. We are introduced to Sara as she’s arriving late to a diving meet, knuckles bloodied from a fight she had with a boy in her class. Through a series of actions and flashbacks, we learn Sara doesn’t have many friends, often gets into trouble, and has assumed the role of a caretaker at home. The theme and imagery of water is flows throughout this entire story. Water is the place where Sara finds solace. It’s associated with the memory of her father, it’s where she excels as a diver, and it’s the only place where she can feel weightless. Our discussion sparked concerns for what will become of Sara. Some of us felt that she’ll figure it out, because of her strong will and independence. Others felt concern about the lack of guidance and support she receives at home, thus making her gravitate toward men who give her attention. Ultimately, we decided that Sara recognizes that she’s transitioning into womanhood, perhaps both physically and emotionally. Regardless of what that transition will bring, we feel confident she’ll survive anything because she is a â€Å"brawler.† - Savannah

Do Colleges Accept ACT Takers as Much as SAT Takers Is the ACT Disadvantaged

Do Colleges Accept ACT Takers as Much as SAT Takers Is the ACT Disadvantaged SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The ACT is rising rapidly in popularity, but students and parents have a good question do colleges accept ACT tests as much as they accept SAT tests? Do colleges mark you down for taking the ACT? The Straight Facts: More Students Take the ACT Now Parents of many students today may remember the SAT as being the only game in town. When I first took the test as a young student in the 1990s, everyone took the SAT. But in 2012, the ACT overtook the SAT as the top test. In fact, these days the ACT has about 10% more takers than the SAT, and this number is climbing every year. With this fact out of the way, the question still remains, is the ACT as legit as the SAT? Will the same universities accept the ACT as the SAT? And more subtely, are there disadvantages to taking the ACT? The ACT is Accepted In terms of pure acceptance, the ACT is accepted by all 4-year colleges. This was true as early as 2007. So you can rest easy knowing that if you take the ACT, you do not need to take the SAT to get into college. In terms of nominal legitimacy, the ACT is equal to or even above the SAT. Universities will accept ACT takers universally. Caveat: Mandatory ACT Takers One reason that the ACT has more takers than the SAT is that the ACT has been aggressive in pressuring states to use the ACT as statewide tests. That is, certain states like Kentucky require all students to take the ACT. Some of these "forced takers" won't be applying to colleges, or won't be applying to the level of colleges you're planning to. That means that the "real numbers" for the ACT may be a bit less than the official numbers. In my opinion though, this issue is not serious, but still one to take note of. Caveat: Acceptance Doesn't Mean Equal In many spheres of life, just because something is accepted on paper, doesn't mean it's equal in practice. For example, many colleges say the writing section is "optional but recommended" you should read this as "required" unless you're really exceptional. Colleges say the ACT is accepted, but is it equal in practice? In reality, since the ACT has been popular for a shorter period of time, admissions staff may not be as informed about what the scores mean. They may understand the SAT math-verbal split, but have a hard time grasping what it means to be strong in science but weak in math on the ACT. My belief, from speaking to many admissions committees directly and indirectly, is that this was more of a concern before 2010. These days almost all colleges have substantial experience with both tests. There is no substantial bias against the ACT anymore, certainly officially, but also in practice. Verdict: The ACT is every bit as accepted and legit as the SAT Other Articles to Read: Should you take the SAT or ACT? Class of 2017: Consider Skipping the new SAT for the ACT? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Developing Ethics at Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developing Ethics at Workplace - Research Paper Example If the employees have the opposite attributes like laziness and show lack of values, the company will not prosper, and the employees should not be there very long† (Eileen, 2008). The Need and Importance of Ethics In order to establish in a competitive environment, the managers must possess ethical values, and use item in the organization. Existence of Business: Business ethics is compulsory for the existence of any business. If the business does not follow any ethical values, the business flops in the market and will creates a bad public image among the customers. Eventually, this will lead to the collapse of the business. Therefore, for a business to succeed and survive in the market, it needs to develop ethical principles. Protecting Rights of Consumers: Business ethics should be developed to look after the rights of the consumers, which includes the right to be informed about the products availability, features, safety, right to be heard, etc. Protecting Employees and Share holders: The employees and the share holders play an important role in the proper functioning of the business. Therefore, ethical values protect them from unethical activities. Increasing Number of Consumers: When the business follows good ethical principles, there will be increase in the number of customers. Customers prefer honest and reasonable dealings. They have the right to file a case against businessmen who indulge in unfair practices. Satisfaction for Customers: Customers are the ones who lead the business. The main objective of any business is to satisfy its customers. Consumers will be happy, only if the company employs business ethics in their dealings. Benefits to Employees: Business ethics provide the employees reasonable wages and compensation benefits. It includes, giving them better working conditions. Maintenance of good relationships between employer and employees. The employee’s proper facilities or amenities. The employees should also have the right to ar gue for their benefits to the management. Benefits to the Society: By reducing unfair trade practices, there will regular supply of better quality products and services to the customers. This results in establishing good relationship with the society. Efficient Performance: If the business practices all the ingredience of business ethics, the employees of the organization contribute and cooperate with the managers. This will lead to increased sales, higher profits, and expansion of the business. Healthy Competition: Business organizations must make use of ethical principles while dealing with the competitors. They must have strong values while opposing the competitors. There must be equal chance for small-scale businesses to survive in the market. â€Å"Buyers Market: In recent times, structural changes have taken place in the concept of business. In the case of many products, sellers market has been converted into buyers market. Under such changed business conditions, business eth ics is needed to stress the importance of consumer satisfaction and service orientation, in place of profit orientation† (Haider, 2010). Reduces Business Misconduct: There are chances of malpractices in some business such as high pricing, black marketing, adulteration, and selling of false products to the customers. This reduces the image and sale of the products. Developing ethical principles

Dirty Water Bill Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dirty Water Bill - Assignment Example This may lead to more damage downstream as these pollutants begin to accumulate. This policy as stated in the public outcry is literally similar to the notion of whatever happens in Vegas should stay in Vegas so this policy would fail quickly (Carter, National Wildlife Federation). H.R. 2018 bill was likely to threaten water quality in American rivers, streams, and lakes. The ability of federal and state governments would be limited in terms of ensuring that all American citizens can access clean water. The bill would limit the Environmental Protection Agency’s capability of revising an agreed water quality standard; this would happen only if the state agrees. It would prohibit the EPA from disallowing a water quality certification that is granted by a state. It would hinder the EPA from limiting federal financial aid for the state water quality program if a state does not comply with the water quality standards. Protected waters, aquatic waters would become degraded since the H.R. Bill 2018 renders EPA as somewhat meaningless. This includes weakening permit reviews that normally determine alternatives that do not harm the environment, do not go against laws, and do not degrade waters. H.R. Bill 2018 would lead to harm to the environment in the short ru n and long run. United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules. Providing for Consideration of the Bill (H.R. 2018) to Amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to Preserve the Authority of Each State to Make Determinations Relating to the States Water Quality Standards, and for Other Purposes: (to Accompany H. Res. 347). Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2011.

Venezuela Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Venezuela Case Analysis - Essay Example Because of this reason, the casualties of the injustices who are mostly Afro Venezuelans and women, have ensued legal action and social unrest to push for and ensure equality for all (Karimi & Shoichet). The violations have led to human right movements and rise of activists who advocate and proclaim for the protection and observance of human rights in Venezuela. This paper analyses the different social and political struggles that the citizens of Venezuela have undergone in order to define the widening range of economic, political, social, and cultural rights they hope to enjoy today. In Venezuela, proclaiming and fighting for human rights began soon after the sentiments and Declaration of Rights. The people with African origin and women were never allowed to participate in the voting process and they faced discrimination from the majority. In the recent past women were not to vie or contest for any political positions or participate in the electoral process (BBC). This was the foundation of Venezuela’s women movement, and the women even now are still pushing for equality in the leadership positions. Most of the human rights movements and protests involve mass resistance and demonstrations. In other instances the struggle and fight for human rights is accompanied by unrest and violent rebellion and confrontation. The efforts over the years have led to the extension of human rights to all and reforms to the law for the sake of minorities leading to democracy and freedom some Venezuela citizens enjoy today. Liberal idealism is also being implemented by the Venezuelan leaders. It is the strong international belief of safeguarding and protecting the human society collectively. It is basically the coming together of nations with a main aim of advancing humanity. It involves states helping each other and ensuring peaceful co-existence between the citizens (Eisene). The

Epistemological Beliefs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

Epistemological Beliefs - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the rule operates on personal rules and philosophies. It states the nature in which a single individual operates and make decisions should not be influence by an external forces and the third party. In counselling and psychotherapy the psychotherapist and the counsellors should not influence the nature in which the patients make decisions based on their conditions. The therapist should respect the rule in autonomy and design the environment that that assist the patients to make informed decisions. There comes a time when the psychotherapist or the counsellor is caught between the patients’ right o make autonomous decisions and their beneficence duty. In the scenario the patient may choose to go against the psychotherapist prescription. In matters like these the patients may the priority and upon evaluation and identification of the patient’s autonomy rule the psychotherapist has no choice but to respect the patient’s decisions.

Performance Management Seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performance Management Seminar - Essay Example Discussion Introduction to the Concept of Performance Management Performance Management "Performance Management is an ongoing communication process" (Bacal, 1999, p.3). It is being executed through the participation of the employee and the immediate supervisor. Performance management has a benefit to both employees and management. For employees, it helps them determine the status of their present performance and further develop it to do better in the future. For the organization, it helps in boosting employee retention (Martin & Jackson, 2004, p.172). It is crucial to employ this concept to help the business grow at the same time allowing employees to develop and discover skills that will be helpful in achieving the organization's targeted goals. II. Discussion Component of Performance Management System Performance Planning Performance planning marks the beginning of the process of performance management. At this point, the manager explains to the employees what they will do in the o rganization, how it will be done, and the reason why that responsibility was given (Bacal, 1999, p.28). On Going Performance Communication It would we be inappropriate to assume that all things will be done smoothly after the performance planning phase. For the manager, it is necessary to consider the possibilities of encountering problems and so, for that reason, ongoing communication is extremely needed (Bacal, 1999, p.29). Performance Diagnosis and Coaching This is one very important component of performance management system. This gives the employees the chance of asking questions making it easy for the manager to remedy any problems that an employee is facing. This is so because employees are able to tell the manager all concerns or questions, thus giving the manager an idea of what measures are to be taken in order to solve or address these concerns (Bacal, 1999, p.36). III. Ice Breaker -Game- Charades - Six Participants divided into two groups -------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Second Part IV. Discussion Motivation, Performance Management, and Performance Management Theories: Interrelationships Frederic Taylor's scientific management theory aims to uncover "the best way of doing things" (Weightman, 2003, p.50). In relation to employee motivation, Taylor's theory emphasises the vitality of finding the most effective tool that will motivate employees to become motivated at work. Once employees are motivated, performance management will no longer be hard since employee performance is deemed excellent due to motivation. Another theory formulated in relation to motivation is Elton Mayo's Hawthorne effect. According to this theory, the level of employee’s motivation rises when additional attention is being given by management to their employees (Weightman, 2003,

Contemporary Brand Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Contemporary Brand Management - Essay Example "Americans have the largest per capita consumption of beer in the world. Europe is the home to most of the world-renowned breweries. These include, Carlsberg, Grolsch, Heineken, Fosters, and Stella Artois to name a few. Belgium is Beer country, but for other reasons. Belgians drink less beer. That's right! Beer consumption in Belgium has more than halved during the last 75 years. The figures, which were published recently the Flemish daily 'Het Laatste Nieuws' (March, 2006), showed that per capita consumption of beer in Belgium stood at just 95 litres per annum. The reason The Belgian Beer Association's Theo Vervloet told the paper that despite this fall, the breweries didn't want to encourage youngsters to start drinking early. Despite the disappointing figures, the Association of Belgian Breweries were against aggressive advertising campaign to force up the beer consumption within Belgium. It is estimated that the world consumes over 100billion liters of beer. Reports show that this value is on the rise due to an increased amount of under-aged drinkers and an increasing variety of beers. When it comes to beer, America is the greatest consumer, for people there ingest around 23billion liters annually. 23billion liters is equal to the quantity (in SI units) of 23gigaliters"(Johnny Alicea, Volume of World Beer Consumption, hypertextbook.com). Stella Artois, a Belgian brewery produces Pilsner beer that has a strong following not only in Belgium, but the whole of Europe and North America as well. 2.0 Industry Background Belgium is Beer country. Despite its size and population, Belgium is among the top beer producing countries in Europe. The Netherlands, France, Poland, and the United Kingdom are the others in Europe who can boast of more or equal production. (Refer EPISTILE Analysis, Appendices 1.0). The major players in Belgium who contribute to their beverage output for local consumption and exports are: Brasserie d'Achouffe, Affligem Brouwerij, NV Brouwerijen Alken-Maes, Brouweri Het Anker, Artois, Brasserie Du Bocq s.a., Brouwerij Bosteels, Chimay, Brouwerij De, Keersmaeker Brouwerij De Koninck, Brouwerij De Gouden Boom, Brouwerij De Ryck, Duvel Moortgat, Brouwerij Haacht, Brouwerij Hoegaarden, Van Honsebrouck, Brasserie Jupiler, Brouwerij Palm NV, Brouwerij Riva nv., Brouwerij Rodenbach, Brouwerij St.Bernard, Brasserie Union, Brouwerij Van Steenberge, 't Pakhuis, and Brouwerij Der Trappisten van Westmalle. (Pattinson, www.xs4all.nl). Abbey, Non-/low-alcohol, Amber, British type, Gueze/fruit, Luxe pils, Pils, Regional, Table Beer, Trappist, Wetbier, Sour, Strong golden were the different beer sold in and by Belgium. From the analysis of the report published in the "Het Brouwersblad" June 2004, p.12, and "Het Brouwersblad" June 2005, p.8, publications, the maximum production was of Pilsner, at a staggering figure of 7,044,252 out of 9,935,211hectolitres in 2003, and 6,930,525b out of a total of 9,702,619b Hectolitres in 2004 (Pattinson, www.x

Performance Management Seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performance Management Seminar - Essay Example Discussion Introduction to the Concept of Performance Management Performance Management "Performance Management is an ongoing communication process" (Bacal, 1999, p.3). It is being executed through the participation of the employee and the immediate supervisor. Performance management has a benefit to both employees and management. For employees, it helps them determine the status of their present performance and further develop it to do better in the future. For the organization, it helps in boosting employee retention (Martin & Jackson, 2004, p.172). It is crucial to employ this concept to help the business grow at the same time allowing employees to develop and discover skills that will be helpful in achieving the organization's targeted goals. II. Discussion Component of Performance Management System Performance Planning Performance planning marks the beginning of the process of performance management. At this point, the manager explains to the employees what they will do in the o rganization, how it will be done, and the reason why that responsibility was given (Bacal, 1999, p.28). On Going Performance Communication It would we be inappropriate to assume that all things will be done smoothly after the performance planning phase. For the manager, it is necessary to consider the possibilities of encountering problems and so, for that reason, ongoing communication is extremely needed (Bacal, 1999, p.29). Performance Diagnosis and Coaching This is one very important component of performance management system. This gives the employees the chance of asking questions making it easy for the manager to remedy any problems that an employee is facing. This is so because employees are able to tell the manager all concerns or questions, thus giving the manager an idea of what measures are to be taken in order to solve or address these concerns (Bacal, 1999, p.36). III. Ice Breaker -Game- Charades - Six Participants divided into two groups -------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Second Part IV. Discussion Motivation, Performance Management, and Performance Management Theories: Interrelationships Frederic Taylor's scientific management theory aims to uncover "the best way of doing things" (Weightman, 2003, p.50). In relation to employee motivation, Taylor's theory emphasises the vitality of finding the most effective tool that will motivate employees to become motivated at work. Once employees are motivated, performance management will no longer be hard since employee performance is deemed excellent due to motivation. Another theory formulated in relation to motivation is Elton Mayo's Hawthorne effect. According to this theory, the level of employee’s motivation rises when additional attention is being given by management to their employees (Weightman, 2003,

Interdisciplinary approach in understanding suicide syndrome Essay Example for Free

Interdisciplinary approach in understanding suicide syndrome Essay The data and research on suicide provided us a lot of statistics which is intellectually inviting to package into a neat conceptual frame from different disciplines so we can see possible interrelationships and more important we can view the coincidental everyday events follow certain trends. Suicide which is a complex act could for example be viewed not in isolation with group behavioral patterns and is tied up with the social institutions. We can explore further and go case specific and explore suicide in the internal psychological and physiological turmoil involved in suicide or what makes life. The religious view underlines not the meaning of life but the value of life. Intellectual challenge of unifying different perspectives Going into particular view points and unifying them is not as easy as it seems. A fine statement taken from different point of views summing what suicide is all about may not hold water and not tenable. There possibilities opposing viewpoints at some level on questions such the dividing line between psychology and religion. Will a peek at the soul the same as peeking at the subconscious? The matter of approach and method are areas which needed reconciliation if it would be useful in understanding suicidal actions and ideation. Coming up with the criteria for selecting appropriate approach and method becomes critical. Could a balance be struck between the objective and subjective? Analytical or the introspective? We confront then each discipline with a specificity of purpose while exploring the nuances of each discipline. The exploration must yield an intellectual map of how suicide could be contextualized and understood, meaning the map or the conceptual frame must be able to account for the myriad of statistics and findings of the subject matter of suicide. CONVERGING DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES Interdisciplinary approach is a search for convergence both in substance and in methods and coming up with a unified perspective on the issue at hand. It is in such a convergence that the power of interdisciplinary research strategies could be best appreciated. Domain of psychology Human behavior or why we act the way we do reflects opposing viewpoints of objectivism and subjectivism. Apparently, it is difficult to separate the body and one of its products, the mind. The mind could be perhaps viewed as an indicator of prescience, an attribute of being capable of conscious act, of being aware. The working of the mind has been research and has been debated across time. And time and again, unifying objectivism and subjectivism remained a touchy issue. But nonetheless a unified interdisciplinary perspective must account for the dynamic relationship of objective and subjective factors in human behavior. Bruner’s theory of the evolution of the mind offered the insight that the representation systems used by children as they develop parallels the history of human inventions and the theory suggests that such evolution is manifested in three stages of inventions which serves as amplifiers of motor, sensory and ratiocinative human capacities. Broadly speaking, technology and science made people stronger, keener on their environment and with amplified intellectual capacities through symbol systems and theories.

Case Study Social Media Marketing In Pakistan Marketing Essay

Case Study Social Media Marketing In Pakistan Marketing Essay The social web is same as the word explains it Social. In short, Social Media  is a medium for  social interaction, using highly reachable communication techniques. Social Media and Social Media Networking are the most important technologies that have been altering the face of the Internet. The Internet as we know it has grown-up so much in the past few years; sometimes its difficult to believe. Social Media and Pakistan: For the previous few years People of Pakistan have started expressing their views and opinions through Twitter, Facebook, Orkut, Google Buzz, blogging, and so on. Now a common Pakistani internet user is more aware of environment than he was ever before. In short the social media have immeasurably educated the common Pakistani. Social Media for Businesses: Online advertising is not somewhat new. Google, Yahoo, and MSN have ruled the internet when it comes to internet advertising platforms. Over the last 5 years websites like Facebook, twitter, linkedin have continued to grow in reputation and popularity, creating amplified opportunities for businesses to market online and reach millions of consumers. Organizations in Pakistan have been promoting their products, services and brands using social media but still the industry has to crop up to not worth it. There is digit of brands that used social media not only as a marketing tool but also as a better customer service solution but still the results of such marketing tools in Pakistan are yet to realize. Though, our neighboring country India and many other countries has been using these social media websites as a marketing tool and getting better outputs from their social media campaigns. Social Media Marketing: Social media in Pakistan is shaping up which could be used as a cheap medium of marketing and customer service. Brands in Pakistan are investing hell of amount in television ads, radio and news paper ads, but most of our brands and organizations are not aware of the possibilities of social media marketing. Social media can boost up their sales and can build goodwill with less cost. Only businesses are not neglecting the possibilities of social media, educational sector is also doing the same thing. There is not even a single institute in Pakistan who is offering a short term or long term course on Internet Marketing. Even there should be a course on internet marketing for marketing graduates. They should be taught how to run internet marketing campaigns rather just telling them what marketing actually is and how to trap a customer by wasting hell of amount on TVCs and radio ads. Our marketing graduates do know how to design a TVC or how to bring creativity in radio ads but they dont know how to run an internet marketing campaign. Another issue arising now a days while hiring social media executives and that issue is who should run internet marketing campaigns Who are more competent in running these campaigns? Either, Business graduates or computer sciences graduates? I think social media has all the beauty in its two way communication model. Its all about collecting feedback from customer and creating awareness. A company which is operating their social media must listen to the complaints. This is an open platform for the customers to say anything they want. So companies must not make this media as one way communication models. And I strongly believe that there must be a course of Internet marketing for all marketing grads. [M. Sajjad, Social Media Executive] Have you ever wondered  how mega-corporations manage their social media initiatives? Almost hundreds of mega corporations running their social media campaigns on social networks. Intel International: If we take Intel as an example, Ekaterina has been a part of Intels Social Media Center of Excellence, She is managing Intels Facebook fan page. In an interview with Michael Stelzner Ekaterina told that Intel created their Facebook page for folks to talk about technology and, of course, Intel products. In the beginning the growth of Intel popularity on Facebook was 3% to 4% but after more attention and attractive contents it goes up to 10% to 12% monthly growth. According to Ekaterina 20 or 30 years ago, they have been talking to folks in computer clubs about the products of Intel but now with the advancement of internet they can communicate with thousands of customers from one place. Jet Blue: JetBlue was one of the first mega brands to join Twitter and started communication with their customers. Today, Jetblue has over a million followers, and its account is often cited as an example of smart corporate tweeting. Through informal employee/customer interactions via Twitter, they hoped to humanize their entire organization Some people were asking for help, and others were saying things that werent correct, recalls JetBlues manager of corporate communications, Morgan Johnston. Coca-Cola: Coca-cola international is also the one who used social media as a branding tool to create positive brand image in the mind of the customers. Coca-cola international is also the one who used social media as a branding tool to create positive brand image in the mind of the customers. Cocacola in the year 2009 got the name as the brand making the best use of Facebook by The Big Money for running a best campaign on Facebook known as Expedition 206. Michael Donnelly, who is Group Director of Worldwide Interactive Marketing for Coca-Cola told in a report that their My Coke Rewards program was a biggest hit and it was a drive to create emotional loyalty in the mind of the customers. Zong Pakistan: Now if we talk about social media marketing in Pakistan there are limited numbers of brands using social media as a tool to interact with customers. Zong Pakistan recently came up with a new product M9. They created a facebook fan page and interacted with the customers, gifted them scratch cards, Ipods and different other gifts. M9 on facebook went a massive hit, with in just 3 days they got more than 20,000 facebook Fans and more than 2000 users interacting with them on facebook fan page. With Less investment in social Media Zong created enough awareness. Got the views of customers about their favorite mobile packages and what type of packages users wants? Intel Pakistan: After a huge success of Intel International facebook fan page, Intel also adopted their social media marketing strategy in Pakistan. Intel Pakistan Brought a platform where users can share, discuss and easily get first hand information about the latest technology developments and know whats happening in the world of Intel Pakistan. In a short period of time Intel Pakistan got more than 40,000 facebook fans who interacts with the Intels management so easily that was never before. The Use of Social Media In Pakistan I asked many questions from the participants from all over the Pakistan about social media in Pakistan and its usage. Use of Social Media (Usage of social media websites) I began with simply asking the participants if they use social media in there daily life? In response to this question participants replied that they do use different social media websites in daily life and Facebook is famous in all of them. 99% of the participants use facebook and they have profiles on Facebook. Where as twitter stood at second place in this question with 48% respondents. People aged 18-25 are more likely to use Facebook and Twitter where as people with the age 25-35 are more likely to use LinkedIn and Twitter. 27% Professionals, Graduates and Postgraduate students are addictive to social media websites as most of respondents were professionals and students. There were 75% males who answered my questions which show more males are using social media websites than females. Time a person spends on social media websites (Time Per Session)(Login Duration) In Answer to my question which was asked to judge the time a person spends on Social media websites per session 61% respondents said they spend more than 30 minutes in social media websites per session means their 1 session is more than half an hour. If I estimate total time a person spends on his/her favorite social media website in 1 day it would an average time of 3-4 Hours in a day. Male professionals are likely to spend more time on social websites in comparison to female professionals. Ad Views (Did you notice any ads?) (Clicks on Ads) 72% of the social media website users notice ads that are being displayed on these websites. Where as 28% respondents do not consider or notice such advertisements on social media websites. Significantly 42% of the respondents click on ads most of the time and 38% clicks occasionally. 42% of respondents who clicks these ads regularly are mostly the youth. Advertisements: (Ads that are liked the most) (Organizations working Social media marketing) People like images and text ads the most on social media websites this is clear messages to our future social marketing advertisers this could help them to understand what type of ads they should design. There are 60% organizations in Pakistan who dont have any dedicated department or person who is working on social media websites to promote their business where are 40% respondents said their organizations are working on social media marketing. Where People Want to Advertise On (Where you would like to advertise as an advertiser?) When I asked respondents this question if they are a marketing manager of an organization and they are required to run a campaign on social media then what social media theyd prefer to market their products? And 96% respondents were in the favor of Facebook. 45% professionals said they would prefer Facebook and Twitter for marketing of their products. Where as 30% of Graduates said they would either prefer Linkedin and Facebook. In short, most of the people want to market their products in social media sites and they want to learn how to use the social media tools available.

Middlemarch Essay -- Literary Analysis, Elliot

Middlemarch, a Victorian novel written by George Elliot, depicts a realistic view of a conventional society in the eighteenth century. Middlemarch, the town in England where the setting of the novel takes place, embodies many provincial characters who are affected by the social world where they live and interact with each other. The novel focuses on many of the characters and their relationships as part of a whole in a human social web. Among the many characters, the main ones include: Dorothea Brooke, a beautiful, good, and caring young woman, but very naà ¯ve and idealistic; Edward Casaubon, a boring old scholar who marries Dorothea; Rosamond Vincy, a gorgeous young woman, but very egoistic and self-centered; Tertius Lydgate, a brilliant and handsome physician who marries Rosamond; Will Ladislaw, a passionate young artist who falls in love with Dorothea and later marries her after Mr. Casaubon’s death; Fred Vincy, a good-natured young man who is often in debt; and Mary Gart h, a plain woman, but very kind and sensible. Elliot focuses heavily on the realities of marriage and the incompatibility between a couple based on idealistic notions about each other and marriage in general. Idealism leads to the failure of the marriages between Dorothea Brooke and Edward Casaubon and Tertius Lydgate and Rosamond Vincy. The downfall of these two unions stands in stark contrast with the marriage between Fred Vincy and Mary Garth. Fred and Mary do not have idealistic notions about each other and are realistic in their thinking and approach to marriage which is the reason for their success and mutual happiness. Dorothea’s second marriage is also a success because she does not base her thinking and happiness on ideal beliefs. In the beginning of ... ...rd and the union between Tertius and Rosamond. The marriages between these couples are failures because they are blind to the faults of their spouses. It is only after marriage that these characters realize the mistakes that they made. The ideal visions are crushed by the depressing reality. They cannot continue to idealize when they learn and see the truth. The marriage between Fred and Mary and the marriage between Dorothea and Will are successful because they are free from the ideals that hide the truth and cause unhappiness. These couples did not hold high expectations for each other or for their marriages. They saw and accepted reality as it was and humbled themselves. The idealism in the novel only led to the downfall and unhappiness of the characters in their marriages. The successful marriages on the other hand were free from high expectations and ideals.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

People have different perceptions of courage all the time; some think it is a man with a gun in hand; some see courage as mental strength to persevere and withstand danger, fear, or difficulty; others think courage is an ordinary person, doing extraordinary things; or even standing up for what is right, even if you are standing alone. In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, courage is illustrated through the characters of Atticus Finch, Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose, and Bob Ewell. Atticus and Mrs.Dubose share some of the same characteristics of courage. They both begin an impossible task but give it their all until the end, even if they don't succeed. On the other hand, Bob Ewell shows an immense lack of courage throughout the book by not having the courage to accept the consequences of his own wrong doing. Atticus, Bob Ewell, and Mrs.Dubose each reveal courage in different ways, even if that way is not showing any courage at all. Atticus Finch feels true courage is when " you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through to the end no matter what." (p.112) With this definition of courage, Atticus would be considered an extremely courageous man. Tom Robinson was being accused of raping a white girl during the 1930s in Alabama. Because of the way blacks were treated then, obviously the chances of Tom Robinson walking out of the courthouse innocent were slim to none. When Atticus takes the case of Tom Robinson he says it is the "one case in his lifetime that affects him personally." (p. 76) If he didn't take this case, he felt he couldn't "represent this country in legislature" additionally he said, "I couldn't hold up my head in town I couldn't even tell you and Jem not to do something again."(75) Taking this case took a great deal of courage and made Atticus a target of ridicule for Maycomb County. He was standing up for what he felt was right, and he was almost standing solo. The majority of Maycomb's citizens do not agree with Atticus's actions whatsoever. He was "running a still" in Maycomb, he was referred to as a "nigger lover" which was not accepted in society of Alabama in the 1930s(75). In Atticus's own home he was put down for defending a black man. Although Mrs. Merriweather never stated it, she did make her point clear that she felt there were "some good but

Cry, The Beloved Country Commentary Essay

And now for all the people of Africa, the beloved country. Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika, God save Africa. But he would not see that salvation. It lay afar off, because men were afraid of it. Because, to tell the truth, they were afraid of him, and his wife, and Msimangu, and the young demonstrator. And what was there evil in their desires, in their hunger? That man should walk upright in the land where they were born, and be free to use the fruits of the earth, what was there evil in it? Yet men were afraid, with a fear that was deep, deep in the heart, a fear so deep that they hid their kindness, or brought it our with fierceness and anger, and hit it behind fierce and frowning eyes They were afraid because they were so few. And such fear could not be cast out, but by love. (310-311) Christianity plays a pivotal role in Paton’s Cry, The Beloved Country. Kumalo struggles throughout the story with his beliefs, having his religion shaken by what he sees in Johannesburg. More importantly, the entire plot revolves around the injustices Christianity has brought to South Africa and how it has turned wrong in the hands of white people. However, Kumalo notes that at the end of the book, Christianity is bringing fear to people, and this fear becomes the bases for the prejudice against blacks. This story is furthermore about a relationship between father and son. Because of Kumalo’s knowledgeable idea, the realization that it will be awhile before people are going to be able to love instead of fear, and the relationship told throughout the story, I believe Paton is aiming to create a Messiah like figure with Absalom. The father understands why Absalom’s death is so important to society; however, society does not and continues to be ruthless. However, Absalom’s death is significant in the fact that it stands for the injustice between the white and blacks in South Africa. Much like Jesus died for our sins, Absalom dies for the injustice. Furthermore, his father is the only one that seems to see why his death is in important for the growth of a nation. Even though Absalom is far from the epitome of morality, he dies for a nation.

Increasing Porosity in Public Spaces

Introduction The connexion between the built and the unbuilt / between the â€Å"indoor† and the â€Å"outdoor†/ between the mass and the nothingness is a really sensitive and problematic subject. The experience of a infinite can be badly affected by the ways its borders are treated, i.e. by commanding how a individual enters/exits the infinite. Transitional experience plays a critical function in overall feel and experience of infinites. Different types of infinites require different types of interventions on their border conditions. A metropolis needs to be imagined as a infinite occupied by diverse sets of people with diverse demands and aspirations. The quality of a metropolis has to be judged by what it offers to its occupants – the right to populate, travel about and work with self-respect and safety. Porosity is one of the many steering factors in planing a infinite, specially public topographic points, which are the cardinal strategic infinites in supplying the area/city its character. Not merely does careful design of such infinites increase the aesthetic quality of the topographic point, but besides plays a major function in increasing the criterions of functionality, safety, quality and many such factors under which a metropolis can be categorised. Porosity, is one spacial quality that can decidedly profit the public infinites, specially in topographic points like Delhi, where the person is acquiring isolated from the community in his attempts to get by up with the gait of life that the metropolis has to offer. Besides, with the increasing spread between the two utmost income groups of the metropolis, the infinites, which are meant to be ‘public’ , cater merely to a certain subdivision of the society, pretermiting those which fail to carry through the ‘entrant requirements’ . Apart from giving infinites back to all the subdivisions of the society, increasing porousness in community infinites can besides move as a step against increasing offense rates in the metropolis, as it opens up the infinite to a larger subdivision of the society. Subject: Porosity in public infinites Research Question: How can porosity in public infinites be increased to heighten their public-service corporation for the society in general? Public Spaces Public infinites are an inevitable constituent of human colonies. Parks, place, roads, beaches, etc are typically considered public infinites. They are the common land for people to interact with others, portion cognition or goods, or carry out their day-to-day rites, be it day-to-day modus operandi or occasional celebrations. By definition, they are infinites that should be accessible to all the members of the society, irrespective of their economic strength. It was stated that: Sing the standard of entree, public infinite is a topographic point which is unfastened to all. This means its resources, the activities that take topographic point in it, and information about it are available to everybody. Refering the standard of bureau, public infinite is a topographic point controlled by â€Å" public histrions † ( i.e. , agents or bureaus that act on behalf of a community, metropolis, commonwealth or province ) and used by â€Å" the populace † ( i.e. , the people in general ) . As for involvement, public infinite is a topographic point which serves the public involvement ( i.e. , its benefits are controlled and received by all members of the society ) ( Akkar, Z 2005 ) . Of class, these definitions refer to an ideal public infinite, while the urban ambiance is non wholly composed of stiffly public and private infinites ; alternatively, it is an merger of public and private infinites with different grades of publicness. Accepting that the relation between public and private infinite is a continuum, it is possible to specify public infinites as holding assorted grades of publicness. Sing the dimensions of entree, histrion and involvement, the extent of publicness will depend on three classs: the grade to which the populace infinite and its resources, every bit good as the activities happening in it and information about it, are available to all ; the grade to which it is managed and controlled by public histrions and used by the populace ; and the grade to which it serves the public involvement. Life in public infinites, non merely has a map in the society as a whole, but it is besides a rich beginning of single amusement, pleasance and drama. One unfavorable judgment of the predominating socio-functional attack towards urban public infinite can be that the person ‘s position is frequently disregarded. To what extent do metropolis inhabitants like to run into other urbanites in public topographic points? Barely any contriver, designer or urban decision maker seems to be interested in that inquiry. Planners and metropolis councils are eager to talk about public infinites as meeting topographic points. They find it an attractive thought to gestate of public infinites as a consolidative component where all sectors of the urban population meet. With the aid of that image they can show their metropoliss as communities, despite all the contrasts and differences. Most societal scientists covering with urban public infinite besides tend to see procedures that take topographic point in the public kingdom as a part to the societal organisation, as a fulfillment of social demands. This top-down-view, nevertheless, neglects the day-to-day user ‘s position. Do metropolis inhabitants wish to acquire together with all their co-urbanites? Everybody who has of all time been in a metropolis knows the reply: no, surely non with everyone. On the other manus, it can non be denied that at least some persons derive great pleasance from being in populace. Whether a infinite will work good depends on a scope of facets that include graduated table, usage, safety and comfort, denseness and links. In many instances it is the person ‘s experience of walking or dancing down a street, and the quality of environment, that is the most of import component. Design so becomes about maximising pick and seeking to supply for different persons ‘ ends. Mitchell, D ( 1995 ) adds another dimension to public infinite by seting frontward the point that public infinites are besides, and really significantly, infinites for representation. That is, public infinite is a topographic point within which a political motion can interest out the infinite that allows it to be seen. In public infinite, political organisations can stand for themselves to a larger population. By claiming infinite in public, by making public infinites, societal groups themselves become public. Merely in public infinites can the homeless, for illustration, represent themselves as a legitimate portion of â€Å" the public† Public sphere is best imag- ined as the suite of establishments and activities that mediate the dealingss between society and the province ( Howell 1993 ) . Problems with public infinites Despite the revival of involvement in public infinites, urban design and be aftering litera- ture has often hinted at the decreasing â€Å" publicness † of public infinites in modern metropoliss. Some research workers have pointed out the menace of recent denationalization policies, and claimed that public infinites, traditionally unfastened to all sections of the population, are progressively being developed and managed by private bureaus to bring forth net income for the private sector and function the involvements of peculiar subdivisions of the population ( Punter, J 1990 ) . Others have commented on the high grade of control now maintained over entree and usage of public infinites through surveillance cameras and other steps intended to better their security ( Reeve, A 1996 ) . Still others have argued that modern-day public infinites progressively serve a â€Å" homogeneous † public and advance â€Å" societal filtering. † These open-access populace infinites are cherished because they enable metropolis occupants to travel approximately and prosecute in diversion and face-to-face communicating. But, because an open-access infinite is one everyone can come in, public infinites are authoritative sites for â€Å" calamity, † to raise Garrett Hardin ‘s celebrated metaphor for a parks ( H, Garrrett 1968, cited Ellickson, R 1996 ) A infinite that all can come in, nevertheless, is a infinite that each is tempted to mistreat. Societies hence impose rules-of-the-road for public infinites. While these regulations are progressively articulated in legal codifications, most begin as informal norms of public etiquette ( Taylor, R 1984, cited Ellickson, R 1996 ) . Rules of proper street behaviors are non an hindrance to freedom, but a foundation of it ( Ellickson, R 1996 ) Oosterman, J ( 1992 ) , in his diary Play and Entertainment in Urban Public Space: The Example of the Sidewalk Cafe , points out that since 1989, several metropoliss and towns in the Netherlands have invested 1000000s of guldens in the design and redesign of place, streets and Parkss. These designs are besides meant to hold a societal impact. Many treatment Sessionss are held about the nature of societal life in urban public infinite and its map in the greater urban society. This is the instance in arguments among policy-makers and contrivers every bit good as among societal scientists and designers. Although the constructs used in these Sessionss do non ever merit a award for lucidity, some features appear through the haze: urban public topographic points should be accessible, or even democratic topographic points. Other participants in the treatment about public infinite do non portion this belief in the possibilities of altering urban society by altering its public infinites. Richard Sennett ( 1990, p.201 ) for illustration is instead pessimistic in his latest book The Conscience of the Eye. People no longer look to be able to get by with the societal and cultural differences of the modern metropolis. They maintain their web of personal dealingss within physically and visibly segregated societal universes: ‘sealed communities ‘ as he calls them. Harmonizing to Sennett, urban public infinites can non bridge the spread between those universes, even though they are supposed to make so. Today one can non open a book about public infinite design without coming across a image of either the Piazza San Marco in Venice or the Campo in Siena: two attractively designed place mentioning to the romantic ideal of free, accessible public infinite, where everybody meets anybody. Comparing their idealistic theoretical account of a ‘real ‘ public infinite with the modern-day metropolis makes writers like Habermas and Sennett instead pessimistic about modern-day urban civilization. The metropolis ‘s urban district is excessively privatized and unaccessible. This pessimism is non surprising. Over clip, the graduated table of society grew, the mobility of the population increased and new agencies of communicating developed and disseminated among the population. These and other conditions led to different claims on urban public infinites Solution? William H. Whyte argues that metropoliss should exercise no controls on â€Å" undesirables, † including mendicants and aggressive flakes. In his words: The biggest individual obstruction to the proviso of better infinites is the undesirables job. They are themselves non excessively much of a job. It is the actions taken to battle them that is the job. â€Å" The people have the right freely to piece together, to confer with for the common good, to do known their sentiments to their representatives and to request for damages of grudges. † In their survey with the Jagori, Kalpana Viswanath and Surabhi Tandon Mehrotra concluded that Women ‘s ability and right to entree and utilize public infinites is dependent on the sorts of boundaries imposed upon them due to nature of the infinite and its use. Therefore holding a assorted use of infinite is more contributing to free and easy entree. Very rigorous districting leads to separation of infinites for life, commercialism and leisure. This increases the likeliness of some infinites being closed to adult females and other vulnerable groups such as kids. For illustration in Delhi, we ( Viswanath, K Mehrotra, S ) found that sellers selling mundane points make a infinite safer, whether in the metro, residential countries or coach Michigans. The local staff of life and egg marketer gave a sense of comfort to adult females who returned place at dark. Similarly sellers provided visible radiation and a crowd around coach Michigans which tend to go progressively empty and dark as it gets subsequently. But this phenomenon of safety provided by the peddlers is non understood by all govt governments. Anjaria, J ( 2006 ) tells the narrative of status of street peddlers in Mumbai. They are often described by civic militants, municipal functionaries and journalists as a â€Å" nuisance † ; and are seen to stand for the pandemonium of the metropolis ‘s streets and the cause of the metropolis ‘s ill-famed congestion. On the other manus, to others they represent an undeserved claim of the hapless on the metropolis ‘s public infinites. This despite the fact that even a casual expression at the metropolis ‘s streets and pathwaies shows that parked, privately-owned autos are by far the metropolis ‘s greatest invaders of public infinite, and the greatest obstructor to the motion of walkers. However. to the self-proclaimed guardians of public infinite, the civic militants and the NGOs set on taking peddlers from the metropolis ‘s streets, these facts a re irrelevant. Vicinity by vicinity, the metropolis ‘s pathwaies must be reconfigured, disorderly pathwaies must be made monofunctional. The offense of the peddler is to belie this dream. And, therefore they have become a â€Å" public nuisance † because, by working on the street, they are engaged in an activity that contradicts the supposed cosmopolitan ideals of the modern public infinite. The inquiry may be how do we convey the ethos of privatized infinite that we have become used to together with the return to more democratic values that many people aspire to for the Millennium? Kath Shonfield in her recent part to the Demos series on the ‘Richness of Cities ‘ ( Shonfield, 1998 ) focuses on public infinite and what she calls the new urbanity. She promotes the ‘urban right to roll ‘ and suggests alteration to urban policy that would include urban rights to entree, widening public entree as a rule of new developments, and re sing the thought of the arcade as an urban design theoretical account to be explored. ( cited Jon, R 1999 ) In order to determine the design, size and signifier of public infinites in town Centres, it is necessary to understand their functions and maps. Public infinites in town Centres can be classified in two wide classs: links and nodes. Linkss are roads, pavings or pedestrianized countries which constitute paths leting motion between land utilizations and attractive forces. Nodes are transverse roads where a figure of links meet in the signifier of public infinites such as market squares or place. There have been different theoretical accounts of gender witting planning adopted by metropoliss to react to violence against adult females and adult females ‘s fright of force. The â€Å" broken Windowss † attack focuses on zero-tolerance to offense, closed circuit telecastings ( CCTV ) and an exclusionary attack to making safer infinites [ Mitchell, D 2003 ] . This attack criminalises certain sorts of people and behaviour such as cheery work forces. The safer communities theoretical account on the other manus, puts forth a vision of doing public infinites safer through activities, land usage, societal mix and affecting users in planing schemes and enterprises for safer public infinites. These are seen to be more contributing to constructing ownership instead than the top-down attack of the â€Å" broken Windowss † . The safer communities initiatives emphasise â€Å" activity, land usage and societal mix † ( Whitzman, C 2006, cited Viswanath, K and Mehrotr a, S 2007 ) Stavros Stavrides ( 2007 ) says: Alternatively of thought of societal individualities as delimited parts one can see them as interdependent and pass oning countries. In an attempt to depict urban infinite as a procedure instead than a series of physical entities, we can detect patterns that oppose a dominant will to repair spacial significances and utilizations. These patterns mould infinite and make new spacial articulations since they tend to bring forth threshold infinites, those mediate countries that relate instead than divide. Urban porousness may be the consequence of such patterns that perforate a secluding margin, supplying us with an alternate theoretical account to the modern metropolis of urban enclaves. A metropolis of thresholds could therefore stand for the spatial property of a public civilization of reciprocally cognizant, mutualist and involved individualities. Walter Benjamin, in his essay entitled â€Å" Naples, † explored the thought of verve and assortment in the modern metropolis. The porous stones of Naples offered him an image for a city’s public life: â€Å"As porous as this rock is the architecture. Building and action interpenetrate in the courtyards, arcades and stairways† ( Benjamin, W 1985 ) . Porosity seems to depict, in this transition, the manner in which urban infinite is performed in the procedure of being appropriated ( Sennett 1995 ) . It is non that action is contained in infinite. Rather, a rich web of patterns transforms every available infinite into a possible theatre of expressive Acts of the Apostless of brush. A â€Å"passion for improvisation† as Benjamin describes this public behaviour, penetrates and articulates urban infinite, loosening socially programmed correspondences between map and topographic point. Porosity is therefore an indispensable feature of infinite in Naples because life in the metropolis is full of Acts of the Apostless that overflow into each other. Defying any clear limit, infinites are separated and at the same time connected by porous boundaries, through which mundane life takes signifier in reciprocally dependent public public presentations. Therefore, â€Å"just as the life room reappears on the street, with chairs, fireplace and communion table, so, merely much more aloud, the street migrates into the life room† ( Benjamin 1985 ) . Porosity characterizes above all the relationship between private and public infinite, every bit good as the relationship between indoor and out-of-door infinite. For Benjamin porousness is non limited to spacial experience. Urban life is non merely located in infinites that communicate through transitions ( â€Å"pores† ) , but life is performed in a pacing that fails to wholly separate Acts of the Apostless or events. A temporal porousness is experienced while eating in the street, taking a sl eep in a fly-by-night corner, or imbibing a speedy espresso standing in a Neapolitan cafe . It is as if Acts of the Apostless are both detached and connected through temporal transitions that represent the unstable fugitive experience of juncture. Everyday occasions therefore seem to switch and rearrange beat and paths of usage ( de Certeau 1984 ) . merely located in infinites that communicate through transitions ( â€Å"pores† ) , but life is performed in a pacing that fails to wholly separate Acts of the Apostless or events. A temporal porousness is experienced while eating in the street, taking a sleep in a fly-by-night corner, or imbibing a speedy espresso. It is as if Acts of the Apostless are both detached and connected through temporal transitions that represent the unstable fugitive experience of juncture. Everyday occasions therefore seem to switch and rearrange beat and paths of usage ( de Certeau 1984, cited Stavrides, S 2007 ) Harmonizing to Starvides, Porosity may hence be considered an experience of habitation, which articulates urban life while it besides loosens the boundary lines which are erected to continue a rigorous spatial and temporal societal order. Thresholds, therefore play an of import function in happening the drama of connexion and sepration between infinites. A survey of thresholds can assist uncover the existent correspondence and mutuality between spacial individualities. In post-colonial Asiatic metropoliss like Hong Kong similar conditions of urban porousness exist. Hong Kong ‘s urban environment is devoid of the cultural conditions that mark the traditional â€Å" universe metropoliss † of the West. There are no memorable public infinites, no refined residential cloth, and no model memorials to religion, political relations, art, cognition or civilization. â€Å"Urban life in Hong Kong is traditionally additive in signifier. The functions of Parkss, plaza and gardens in Hong Kong take on maps that alteration with the clip of the twenty-four hours. They are by nature multipurpose infinites, festival evidences, concert sites, and jury-rigged athleticss spheres. While these unfastened infinites are to the full utilized in cardinal times, they lack any individuality and are normally wastes and lifeless when non in use.† ( Lu, L 2005 ) 1